Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
mohammadreza ghaeminik
Abstract
The wisdom of society and history from the point of view of the sages of Neo-Sadarai: Allamah Tabatabai and Mortaza MotahhariAfter the Muslims' encounter with the modern Western world, some contemporary thinkers influenced by the transcendent wisdom (al-Hekmah al-mota`aliah) of Sadr al-Muta`allehin Shirazi, ...
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The wisdom of society and history from the point of view of the sages of Neo-Sadarai: Allamah Tabatabai and Mortaza MotahhariAfter the Muslims' encounter with the modern Western world, some contemporary thinkers influenced by the transcendent wisdom (al-Hekmah al-mota`aliah) of Sadr al-Muta`allehin Shirazi, known as the "Neo-Sadr thinkers", had a critical encounter with the philosophies of history and theories of contemporary Western social sciences, including Hegel, Marx, Comte, Durkheim and others based on the principles of Islamic wisdom. Through this critical encounter, transcendent wisdom has been developed and a collection of reflections from these contemporary philosophers has been formulated, which can be called the wisdom of society and history. Although other research has been done on this subject, most of them have dealt with the relationship between the individual and society and in a few cases have examined the realm of the wisdom of history. In this article, with the aim of formulating the development of transcendent wisdom in society and history and using comparative methodology, in the first part, emphasizing the views of the Allameh Tabatabai, the principle of employment, society's independence from individuals, conventionalitis, human evolutionary history, history of right and wrong, chronology of history are discussed. In the second part, with a comparative view, the nature of society, individual will and social determinism, causality in history, the originality of nature (Fetrah), the driving force of history, the total evolution of history and the mechanisms of realization history based on the view of Shahid Motahhari are mentioned. At the end of the article, after conclution, two main category for further research are mentioned: 1) research in relation of partial-general and total, the relationship of individual, society and history and their simultaneous originality, the graded evolutionary reality of history, the relationship of consciousness and will; 2) Critique of contemporary sociological theories based on Islamic wisdom.
Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
mohammadreza ghaeminik; hamid parsania
Abstract
Abu Nasr al-Farabi, as the founder of Islamic philosophy, emphasizing on Islamic teachings, attempted to re-read and revolutionize Greek sciences. Farabi's civil science, keeping harmony with the Islamic culture, is a result of this scientific endeavor. This article tries to explain this attempt ...
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Abu Nasr al-Farabi, as the founder of Islamic philosophy, emphasizing on Islamic teachings, attempted to re-read and revolutionize Greek sciences. Farabi's civil science, keeping harmony with the Islamic culture, is a result of this scientific endeavor. This article tries to explain this attempt using a fundamental methodology. Fundamental methodology explains how scientific theories articulated considering three theoretical dimensions including logical-epistemological, existential-social, and the impact of fundamental cultural interactions on the formation of a theory. In the third dimension, when a culture encounters with another one actively, the elements of the second culture are re-read on the base of fundamental elements of the first one. In the process of revision and reviewing, some elements of the second culture can be accepted and some others will be rejected. As a result, we witness a case of reconciliation of indigenous and exogenous cultures. Based on Farabi's civil science, fundamental elements of Islamic culture, formed by Rasoul (Prophet) and Greek political philosophy can be interpreted by means of a connection to active intellect (aqle fa`al).
Hamid Parsania; Mohammadreza Ghaeminik
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 47-71
Abstract
آراء ابن خلدون در کتاب مقدمه، بالاخص در تشریح علم عمران، با دانشهایى نظیر فلسفه، کلام، فقه، تاریخ و نظایر آن، پیوند دارد؛ این پیوند، زمینه‌ساز تفاسیر متعدد از آن شده ...
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آراء ابن خلدون در کتاب مقدمه، بالاخص در تشریح علم عمران، با دانشهایى نظیر فلسفه، کلام، فقه، تاریخ و نظایر آن، پیوند دارد؛ این پیوند، زمینه‌ساز تفاسیر متعدد از آن شده است. این مقاله میکوشد به نقد برخى پیشفرضها و مبانى محسن مهدى در کتاب «فلسفۀ تاریخ ابنخلدون» بپردازد. «نظریۀ نبوت»، «ماهیت جامعۀ اسلامى»، «منشاء علوم جامعه»، «نظریۀ کلامى»، «تمایز منطق مدینه و عمران» و «عمران و دولت»، از دیدگاه مهدى، شش موضعى هستند که در این مقاله مورد نقد و بررسى قرار گرفتهاند. مهدى با تأثیر از عقلانیت رایج در فلسفۀ اسلامى، بالاخص مبانى فلسفى ابنرشد و ارسطو به تحلیل مقدمه پرداخته است. از اینرو، نقد مواضع مهدى، بهنحوى نقد فرض حاکمیت این نوع از عقلانیت در تفسیر آراء ابنخلدون بوده و نتیجهگیرى نهایى، حاکى از این است که علم عمران و عقلانیت حاکم بر آراء ابنخلدون، بیش از آنکه به عقلانیت فلسفى مذکور نزدیک باشد، حاکى از نوعى عقلانیت رایج در علوم شرعى-اسلامى بوده است.
